Evaluation of 3D Blood Flow Patterns and Wall Shear Stress in the Normal and Dilated Thoracic Aorta Using Flow-Sensitive 4D MRI.

Keywords

able absolute addition alterations altered analyzed aneurysm aneurysms aorta aortic arch ascending assessment asymmetric atherosclerosis biomedical blood built cardiac circumference clear clearly cohort complication comprehensive contour contrast controls conversely correlation corresponded coverage critical curvature curves decrease decreased depict descending detected development diameter diameters dilatation dilated dilation direct directional dissection distribution eccentric eccentricity eight encoding encompassing encountered entire estimation evaluation exceeds expect female flow forces free gating geometry green healthy home identifying important included index indicate individual inner interpolation intimal investigate landmarks lethal lifetime local located location lumen manually mapped matched medical moreover nearly negative often oscillatory outer patients patterns peak physics position predictive previous programmed progression proximal quantify radiology reduced regarding regional resolved respectively respiratory retrograde risk role rupture segmental segments sensitive shape shear significantly similarly slab spatial stress stroke studies subjects substantial system systematically systolic temporal thoracic tool towards variation vascular vectors velocities velocity vessel volunteers wall year years young