A Fast Reduced TE 4D Spiral PC MRI Sequence for Assessment of Flow and Hemodynamics

Keywords

accuracy added addition advantage anatomical aortic applied arch arterial arteries artery artifact assessment assumed axial benefits best bifurcation bland blood capable cardiac carotid carried cine circle coil combined comp comparing compensated comprehensive compromise consecutive corrected correspondence covering cycle designed detail disease distal disturbed duration eddy elect element encoding erroneous error errors examined excitation fast fidelity five flow flows fluid frames generated geometrical goal good gradient gradients hardware herein identical imperfection imperfections implemented in vivo included interleaves investigated lead located long loss magnified martin measured minutes miscalculation motion need note part particles peter phantom plot possibly presence prior prolong proposed proximal quantify readout reasonable reduce reduced reduces reducing reduction refocusing removal representing represents require resolution reveals scanned scanner scarifying schematic select sense separate shorten shorter significantly slab slice slices slight spatial spiral spirals stack static subtracted systolic temporal trajectory turbulent various velocity vessels visualize volume volunteers widely years