Respiratory-Resolved Flow Effects in the Chest Assessed with Double-Gated 4D Flow MRI

Keywords

accomplished acquisition acquisitions active affect allow allowing allows anatomy aorta approaches arrows artery artifacts background bellows blood blue breathing cardiac cardiovascular chest compensate consistently continuously contrast cycle delays descending discard discovery displays double dual exam example exams excluding expected expiration filter flow form frames free function funding gated gating gradients grant gratefully great green healthy ignored illustrate improving incorporate induced inferior inspiration introduced investigate investigated largest limit locations longer maintain medical motion moving nature navigator novel occur occurring optimized oversampling patients peak percent perpendicular physics pilot plateau plateaus pliable pressure process processing projection projections prospective prospectively pseudo pulmonary quiescent radial radially radiology random reconstructed reconstruction reduced reducing representative reproducible resolution resolved respiration respiratory retrospective retrospectively robust sampling schemes selection separate series several short shorter significantly simultaneous sorting structures subject summarized superior support system table temporal though throughout traditional transition typical variations varied veins venous vessels viability volunteers waveform waveforms white yellow