Regional Measurement of Respiratory Gas Arrival Time with Hyperpolarized Gas MRI

Keywords

acquisition address affected affects affine airway airways allowed almost alternatively among animal animals applications approaches arrival arriving assess assumption away basis black breath breaths bronchi capturing caused completely computed conductive constant constants content coronal cycle decay delay delays described determining diagrams diaphragm disease diseases distribution dots earlier edges efficiency elevated enclosed error errors evaluation exhibit explicitly fairly fashion form fraction fractional fresh function gases general gradient healthy immediate impact inadequate insight inspired invasive johns largely larger long lung lungs magnetization magnitude major majority maps matrix measured mechanically metric mixing model mostly motion near neck numerical obstruction obstructive oxygen pattern potentially presence pressure previous price promotes proper properly quantify rats reasonable regional relatively repeated reported represent representative reproducible residual resistance respiratory short slice source staggered steady step steps substantial substantially supports switched technology temporal timescale tool transformation transitional turn typical unanimously uniform uniformly utility utilized variable varied vary varying ventilated ventilation worse