Comparison of Velocity Vector Fields and Turbulent Kinetic Energy Measured by MRI and Particle Tracking Velocimetry in a Realistic Aortic Phantom

Keywords

acceleration according acquisition additional additionally adjusted agreement aorta aortic applied arch ascending assessment beat becomes best biomedical blue bottom captured cardiac cardiovascular cast circulatory coefficient computed concept conduit consideration contrast correlation cover cross cycles derived deviation dimensional dissipative distance elastic elevated encoded encodes encoding energy engineering environmental equipped estimation experiment extended feasible fewer field fields fixed flow fluctuating fluid fluids future gradient healthy improve increasingly indicated induced institute intra kinetic leads leaflet linear losses mapping maximal measured mechanical medical model moving noise optimally particle particles pathologically peak peaks peter phantom plus profile profiles prolonged proof proposed realistic reconstructed reduced regression relevant repeated represent resolution section segment serves setup shorten shortened side simulate slice spatial surrounded system systolic temporal tracked tracking training triggered turbulent typically valve vector velocities velocity vitro vortex waveform whole wise