Assessing Relative Energy Loss Across Heart Valves Using Generalized Phase-Contrast Flow Measurements

Keywords

accordingly account accounting accurate already aortic arch artificial assessing assessment assuming assumptions best biological biomedical built calculation cardiac cause circulatory colors compromise computation concept conditions connected consequence considerable considered contrast designs differ direct directly diseased dissipation downstream efficiency employed encoding energy engineering equipped estimation example examples exemplary exist expedited extend feasibility feasible field flow flows fold forward gating generates geometrical gore gradient healthy heart hence holds home hospital identical implanted in vivo individual institute intensities introduced isotropic kinetic laminar larger load loss losses materials measures mechanical medical moments navigator need normalized notion pathological patient patients patterns performance phantom phys population previous promise proposed providing quantification quantify quantifying readout reconstruction regurgitation relating relationship relationships rely remodeling rendering resolution resolved respectively schematic setup significantly steps streamline streamlines stroke studies subjects system taken taking temporal territories thereby triggering turbulence turbulent valve valves vascular vector velocities velocity vessels visible visualization vitro volume volumes volunteer volunteers whole years