Meeting Banner
Abstract #2385

Potential Impact of Time-Varying Gradient Delays in the EPI Train on Nyquist Ghost Correction

Silke Hey1, Jos Koonen1, Zhaolin Chen1, Johan van den Brink1

1Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands

Reliable phase correction for long fMRI scans is crucial to ensure low ghost levels. Phase correction strategies are based on the measurement of gradient delays, usually using a phase navigator. In this work, we show that gradient delays vary across the echo train depending on the used echo-spacing frequency. This variation may change in the course of long fMRI acquisitions (several minutes). That is why, accurate and robust correction of the Nyquist ghost in EPI requires determination of the gradient delays at the echo time of the EPI sequence.

Keywords

accurate achieved acquisition acquisitions addition amplitudes appropriate artifacts assess assumed avoid away bandwidth behavior beneficial best blue brink calibration camera certain character characterization chosen close closer coil compensated consecutive considerably constant control correction course crucial damped degree delay delays dependency depending depends determination determining differ drift dynamic dynamics echoes encoded error every evolution facilitates field frequencies frequency function furthermore ghost ghosting gradient gradually grant graphs ideally impact impulse individual inserting internal long maintain maximal measure mechanical minutes modified navigation navigator navigators nominal offset often operates operating oscillation pattern periods phantom pixel potential previous profile project prone pulse readout readouts requires residual respectively response responses robust scanner series several shot slight spacing spherical stabilization steps studied supported system temporal timing tracked train variation variations various vary varying visible visualizes whole