Velocity Mapping of Gasflow in the Upper Airways of a Lung Model for Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations

Keywords

absolute academic account achieve additive administrated aerosol agreement airflow airway airways alternative applied atom audience binary bottom breathing cardiovascular careful choice circular collier colored compliant component components computational computer computing concomitant condition conditions constraints constructed container corrected correction correlation cost derived developed developing diffusion dimensional diseases distribution dynamics enclosed encoding exchange expected experiment experimental extended extract fields finite flow flows fluid fluids focus free fully future generate generated generation geometry good grids help human implemented inhaled inlet intensity jean journal kingdom layer leaving location locations lung magnet manufacturing maps match measured medicine mimic mixed model models motion much necessary obstructive offsets outlet outputs particle pipe polarization polarized polarizers predicting pressure proton prototype providing radiology rapid realistic reconstructed reconstruction regime relatively represent resolution respective respectively scale scanner scheme science scientific section simple simulation simulations site slice slow smoothly star steady target threshold trachea transverse understanding upper usually validation velocity vitro volume water