Cerebrospinal Arterial and Venous Blood Flow Variability Assessed with 4D Flow MRI

Keywords

acquisition added advanced affecting alter altering analyze analyzed arterial arteries axial background blinded blood bulb cardiac carotid cerebral chest chronic clinical common commonly confirming consistency contrast controlling coronal criteria cycle decrease deep delivers dependencies dependent despite determine diagnosis directional discovery diurnal eight encoding excess exhibited exhibits exported fashion field flow flows gating grant gratefully head healthy highly hydration hypothesis include includes indicating individual induces inferior informed insufficiency internal intra investigate jugular junction larger least limited locations many medical meeting minutes much must necessity neck next objectives occurring oliver orthogonally package paired percent physics physiologic physiological placed position positive posits prolonged quantification radial radially radiology recorded reflux related repeatability reproducibility reproducible retest retrospective returning reveal sclerosis segmented sets several significantly similarly since sinuses software stimulated strongly studies suboptimal summarize superior support system table technical throughout transverse triggers twice upper useful variable variables variations various vein veins velocity venous volunteer volunteers weeks whether