Noninvasive Multi-Echo Vessel-Encoded Arterial Spin Labeling Reactivity for More Comprehensive Quantification of Hemodynamic Compensation: Development and Clinical Implementation in 50 Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease

Keywords

achieved adaptation address advanced aggressive anterior arrow arterial artery assessed audience bilateral blood bold breathing brown capacity carotid cerebral circulation clear clinical clinically clinicians clustering compensation compensatory completed comprehensive compromise compromised conservative contrasts contribute control corrected cortical death delivery demonstrating despite develop development digital disability disease duration efficacy encoded equation etiology evaluated expanded extent finding findings five flow free functional gaps geometries hemispheres hypotheses identification impairment implementation implemented implying improved inflowing inter john knowledge labeled labeling long longitudinally major management mapping maps measures measuring mechanisms mixed moderate modified monitored month months motion negative noninvasive novel opposite oxygenation paradigm participants patient patients planning predict protocol quantification reactivity recorded reduced regarding regional registered relationship relationships relevant requiring resolution risk schemes scores significantly space spatial specifically spin stages stratifying stroke structural subject subjects suggesting surgical symptomatology target technical temporal territory tidal treatment ultimately underlying understand understanding underwent upon variability vessel vessels volume volunteers whereby