A Direct Calculation of Hemodynamic Energy Loss in the Presence of Abnormal Aortic Flow

Keywords

abnormal acceptable adjusted agree aorta aortic apply approval assess assessed assessment avoided barker basis benefit beyond blood calculating cardiac cardiovascular characterize circulation classified clinical cohort cohorts concomitant confounded control controls correction cost covering defined detect diameter dilatation dilated dilation direct directly disease dissipation divergence divergent documented elevated emitted encoded encoding energetic energy equations error evaluated examining exchange exhibiting field fields flow form function functional geometry gradient gradients guideline guidelines harder healthy helical helix highlight implying includes incompressible insufficiency intensity intergroup intra introduced jets kinetic knowledge known landmarks local loss lost markedly massless measuring metric mild moderate must necessary northwestern observer often orifice outcome outcomes overcome paradoxically particle patient patients patterns peak pilot placed potential presence pressure produced prominent promising radically rank reason recovery reduce reformulation reliability resolution responsible risk segmentation separation severity stratification subject susceptible systole systolic temporal theoretical thoracic traveling valve valvular velocity ventricle viscous visualized volume volumetric volunteers years