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Abstract #2553

Differentiation and Quantification of Exchanging Protons in Different Pool Resonating at the Same Frequency in CEST

Olivier E. Mougin1, Penelope A. Gowland2

1SPMMRC, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Select, United Kingdom; 2SPMMRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom

CEST is increasingly used to study a wide range of endogenous and exogenous species. However different species of interest overlap in the z-spectra even at high field due to line broadening caused by exchange. Here we propose a new combination of acquisition and analysis approaches to separate fast and slow exchanging species. Simulation and experimentation of a z-spectra database for two pools exchanging at different rates is presented here, and was used successfully in fitting pool protons overlapping on the z-spectra, both numerically and empirically.

Keywords

accurate acquisition adding agreement altered amplitude amplitudes approaches assuming astronomy axis bandwidth basis black blue body caused central channel circles coil combination combinations come components concentration concentrations consisted constant constraints contents corrected correlation depends develop differentiate differentiation difficult direct distinguish endogenous equations error errors even exchange exchanging exogenous expected experiment experimental experimentally extended fast field fits fitted fitting five form formal free frequencies frequency functions furthermore future give glucose good green implement in vivo include increasingly initial input intervals investigated involve irradiation keeping kingdom larger lead limited linear macromolecular magnitude mixed model noise numerical optimization overcoming overlap overlapping pairs phantom phantoms physics pool pools practical prepared problem propose protons pulse pulses pure quantification readout reasonable receiver repeated resonating robustness samples saturated saturation scanner scanners scanning school select sensitivities sensitivity separate separating sets simulated simulation simulations simultaneously since slow solutions space species spectra spectrum suggested together turbo unsaturated variations varying verify water whole wide