in-vivo Measurements of Gas Flow in the Upper Airways with Hyperpolarized Helium-3 and Xenon-129

Keywords

absolute achieve achieved acquisition addition adequate aims airflow airways allow although application approximately atom audience automated available averaging axial background best bifurcation bifurcations binary black blue breathe breathing bronchus cardiovascular collier colored combination combine components conditions constant contours contrast coronal cycle demonstrations density disease dynamic enable encoding exact expected experiment extract field flow flows fluid free functional funding gases gradient gradients healthy heavier helium hence implemented in vivo inhalation inhaled inside intensity latter leaving lung lungs manual maps mask mass materials matrix measure medicine mixed model motional multiplied necessary nevertheless outside parallel patterns physiology pixel polarization polarized polarizers population possibility preliminary pressure previously primary probably project providing pulse radial rapid reconstruction recorded reducing regime relatively reproducible resolution respectively sampling science sensitivity simulation site slew slice slow speed spoiled square stay strategies successfully suggest target therapy threshold tracer trachea trained training transverse understanding unwrapping upper vectors velocities velocity vitro volunteer volunteers white wild xenon