A Direct Reconstruction Method for Blood Velocity Estimation from Phase-Contrast MRI Data

Keywords

ability accurate acquisition adequate although approximation artifacts assumed assumption audience background basis block blood blue clinical coils collected collectively column comes commonly comparable complex component components consecutive constant contaminated contrast controlling controls cost departure derivative deriving develop developing deviation diagnostic direct directional distinct distortion dynamic dynamically employing encode encoded encoding encodings equations estimation every evident exact expect experimental extent finite flow formulation forward fourth frame frames frequency functions generated gradients green healthy heartbeats improve improves incorporate increasing individual instant interval introduce inverse knowledge length lesser location loss made magnitude matrix measured medical model necessary noise offset operator oscillatory outperform patterns pixel pixels practitioners process processed profiles proposed pseudo receive reconstruct reconstruction reduces reducing regularization remedy repeated represents required researchers resolution segmented selected series significantly simulated simulation simultaneously since solutions spatial squares stability strategy system target temporal term terms timespan together train true validate validated variable vector velocity volunteer white window written