Evaluating Portal Venous Hemodynamics with 4D Flow: How Essential Is the Temporal Dimension?

Keywords

abdomen accelerated accuracy achieved acknowledge acquisition addition anatomy angiography apex approved array arteries assess assessed assessment assistance assuming background blood blurring body calculating cardiac channel circulation cirrhosis coil collaterals commonly comparable complex compliant complications comprehensive conclude consequence conservation consistency consistent contrast cycle degraded degree described desirable determine dimension discovery dual dynamic emitting entire errors evaluating examination expected experienced exploiting female flow form forty frames gating grant hepatic highly hypertension important improve improved inability include included index interpolated introduced length life listed longer maintaining mass measures measuring medical mimic minute minutes motion nature oliver portal previously projections quality quantification quantify radial radially radiology reconstructed reconstruction reconstructions reduce reduction reductions reeder required resolution resolved respectively retrospective reverse scale segmented sensitivity series serious severe sharing short slightly spatial streamline streamlines subjects subsequent substantial superior support syndrome table temporal threatening true ultrasound user vein veins velocity venous version versus view visualization visualize visualized volunteers years