Free Breathing Measurement of Ventricular Volumes from Magnitude Data of 4D Flow-Sensitive MRI in a Canine Model of Acute Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Keywords

accurate accurately acquisition acute administration adult allows alternative although anesthesia aorta approval arterial ascending assessed assessment atrium axial axis background balanced beads beagles biases biomedical bland breath breathing canine capacity cardiac cine clinical comprehensive contiguous contrast coordinate cycle dataset determinant determined deviation diagnostics diastolic difficult dimensional disease done dynamic enables engineering entire female filter flow frames free frequently function functional gating heart hold holds hypertension hypothesized important increasingly induced induction injecting intravenous invasive isotropic magnitude maintained major manually many measure measured medical micro minimize model navigation needed oliver orientation orientations overall patients patterns permit physics post precession prior processing prognosis projection pulmonary quantification quantify quite radiology rather readout reconstructed reconstruction reformatted registered required requiring resolution resolved respectively respiratory retrospective segmentation segmented sensitive series severe sharing short shorter simultaneous slices spatial statistically steady stroke studies summary supported synthesis systems systolic temporal together triggering vastly velocity ventricle ventricular veterinary view volume volumes volumetric