Bilateral Kidney 23Na-MRI: Quantification of Tissue Sodium Concentration by Using a Two-Element Phased Array System with Homogeneous B1-Field Excitation and Ultra-Short TE

Keywords

abdominal accuracy achieved active acute adapt allowed applied approval array besides better bilateral birdcage bolus breast brought channel circuit clear coil coils common commonly compose computed concentration concept conditions constant controlled corrected correction corrections cortex cortical cover decoupling decreased design designed despite detector determined developed directly diseases diuresis diuretic diuretics double dual earlier element elements ellipsoidal excellent excluded fiducial field firstly forming frequency furthermore gain healthy herein homogeneous impedance in vivo initial injection input integrated kidney kidneys larger length local long maps matched maximize measure measured medulla minimize models multiplied near network nevertheless newly noise nominal observe observing others pair pathologies permanently permission phantom pharmacologically position power preamplifier proved pulse quality quantification quantify questioned rare receive receiver reconstructed recorded registered relatively renal requires resolution resonator respectively respiratory sample secondly sensitivity short since sodium spatial square squares step studies supplied surface system tissue transceiver transformation transmission transmit triggering tubular tuned ultra variations voltage volume