High Field MR Imaging of Proteins and Peptides Based on the Amine-Water Proton Exchange Effect

Keywords

acid albumin already although amide amides amines apex arginine assuming asymmetry attributed backbone became become beside broader buffered capability catalyzed certain chains chemical close coil come contrast contributions control dependence depending detected determined deviated diameter direct disease diseases dissolved efficiency enhancement especially examine examined exchange exchangeable exchanges exchanging exploited fast faster feature field fields frequency gave greater hydroxyl identified immediately improve in vivo indistinguishable intensities interestingly invasive irradiation labile locking lysine many maps matches matrix maximized maximizes measured medium merge minimal much neighboring none normalization note offset optimal particular pathological peak peaks peptide peptides percent phantom phantoms phosphate physiological power preparation prepared previous proposed protein proteins proton protons pulse pulses quite radiology recent reception recovery reduced regime reported residue residues sample samples saturation selected sensitivities sensitivity serum several side slice slow slower specificity spectra spin strength studies suggesting summary targeting titrated transfer tumor tune tuning type types variant view water wave weightings wide