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Abstract #2288

Iterative Nonlinear Encoding Magnetic Gradient Phasor Optimization for Single Readout Parallel Imaging

Leo K. Tam1, Jason P. Stockmann1, Gigi Galiana2, Dana C. Peters2, Robert Todd Constable, 12

1Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; 2Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

Recent nonlinear encoding strategies have provided robust parallel imaging strategies using highly undersampled datasets. Here, we introduce an iterative optimization of the spatial basis in order to achieve efficient encoding and preserve smoothness (reduced dB/dt). To focus the optimization landscape, a library is constructed from the achievable phase profiles from the available gradient strength and phasor combinations. The search prioritizes orthogonality between encoding bases as well as smoothness in transition. Preliminary results with a second order spherical harmonic gradient system suggest significant reductions in dB/dt as compared with parallel echo planar imaging.

Keywords

absolute achievable acquisition algebraic allows amplification another array available bandwidth basis better body bottom built choice coil coils common complete considered constable containing decrease decreases degenerate determined diagnostic dimension duration durations efficient efficiently eight element encode encoding engineering equal equation errors evaluation evolution explored fellowship fixed form formed foundation freedom furthermore generated goal gradient gradients graduate harmonics haven imposed includes increasing injected iterative landscape library linear listed many matching matrix middle minimal name national noise nonlinear object optimal optimization orthogonal orthogonality parallel particular peters phantom picture placements planar planned plus preserving previously product profile pursuit radiology readout receiver recently reconstructed reconstruction reconstructions regarding remains repetitions represent represented represents respectively sample samples sampling science search selected sensitivities sensitivity sets shape shot simplify simulated slew smooth smoothness space spatial spatially spherical squared start suggests supported system systematic terms third trade traditionally trajectories trajectory transitions variation varying vector vectorized versus whole winding yield yields