Joint RF Pulse and Gradient Design for 2D Spatially Selective Excitation Using Optimal Control and B-Spline Waveform Model: Initial Experience

Keywords

accommodate according adapted aforementioned alternative applications artifact assumption basis benefit biomedical bottom boundary certain changing coefficient coefficients coherence complete computation computed condition constraints constructed contains control cost cubic define degraded descent describe described design designed designs desired determined differ directly disk easily effective effectiveness either engineering equation error exceptions excitation excited expect field final fitted fixed focused form formula frame framework function functions gives gradient imaginary implementation improve improvement individual initial intermediate intrinsic investigation joint least local magnetization magnitude mark matrix minutes model modeled much multiplier nature note noticeable numerical optimal optimization optimized outside parallel parameterization paths pattern practice preliminary primer problem profile profiles propose proposed pulse pulses quite radiology real respectively ringing rotating samples scalar schemes selective shape simulation simultaneous since slew smoothness solve spatially spiral spline squares start strength subsequently substantially temporal theory tolerable trajectories trajectory transmission transverse treating turns variational variations vector view waveform waveforms whose written zero