Discrimination of Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MRI and Pharmacokinetic Modeling

Keywords

advanced angiography aorta applied around array arterial assessed assessment assumption available best body breath cancer carcinoma cell clear clinical coil compliant constant contrast coronal currently custom delay depicted derived differentiate discriminating discrimination disease display displays drawn drew dynamic enhanced estimation evaluating every example extracellular feasibility features fitting fraction frame frames function future graphically green help hence heterogeneous hold included individual injection input interleaved invasive investigate investigated irrespective kidneys known lesion likely localized long lumen made management manifestation manually medicine minimize minimizing minutes modality model modeling models motion options papillary patient patients perfusion permeability plasma portion post prediction preoperative prior processing prognosis prospective radiologist radiology reader regimens registered renal resolution resolved response role sample scaled school separate several shutter simplex slice software solid speed squares studies subtype subtypes summarized surgery suspected table term therapeutic therapy trajectories transfer treatment tumor tumors twist underwent unequal unique urology useful variability variance vascular volume white yielding