Hybrid Proton/Carbon Constrained Image Reconstruction for Hyperpolarized Metabolic Imaging

Keywords

according account accurate acquisition addressed advances appearance arises arrows averaging bicarbonate biomedical blood carbon cardiac challenge clearly combined comparable compartment compartments compounds compromise compromises computed computer considered consisted constrained constraint contaminate contamination contributions covering curves decay decomposed defined degrees despite done dynamic elements engineering equations error evaluated excitation excited experiment explained expressing extracted fashion fast field form gated generate heart hearts hence holds human hybrid improve in vivo inaccurate included incorporated indicate indicates influenced inhomogeneities injection inside institute intensities interleaved kinetic lactate limited linear localization many matrix measured metabolic might modeling motion myocardial myocardium origin particular pathways perfusion picks pool pools position positions potential probing processes produced promising proposed proton pulse rapid reconstruction recovered recovers reduced related remains representing resolution respectively response rich segmentation self separate setting simulation simulations slice slim solving space span spatial spectral spectroscopic square step successive synthetic system taking theory transform triggering upon ventricle ventricular view whereas yields zero