4D MRI as the Best Way to Prescribe Patient-Specific Proximal and Distal Boundaries for Numerical Modeling

Keywords

account accuracy acquiring actual almost anastomosis aneurysm approximation arrow arterial arteries artery assumed assumption assumptions basilar best biomedical boundaries boundary capable cardiac carried cerebral circulation column computational computations computed conditions considered constant constructed contrast cycle demand descriptor determine difficult dimensional distal distribution diverted divides downstream dynamics emanating encompassing enhanced ensure entering equal equally errors estimation examples except exiting exits field fields fistula flow fluent fluid general geometries governing hemispheres identical important importantly impractical in vivo incorrect inlet instructive knowing location matching measured measuring meshes model modeling models narrow needed numerical numerically often orientation outlet outlets package particularly patient peak posterior prescribe prescribed prescription pressure progression proportional providing proximal quickly radiology rather realistic reality reasonable reduces refined related relies required requires resistance resolution scenario scenarios segment segments shear simulations since solved spatial specification specified specify split streamlines stress substantially systole territories typical typically uncertainties various vascular vectors velocities velocity venous vessels volume wall wrong