Steady State MRA Techniques with a Blood Pool Contrast Agent Improve Visualization of Pulmonary Venous Anatomy Compared with Time Resolved MRA Pre and Post Catheter Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation

Keywords

ablation abnormalities acceleration acceptable acceptance accessory achieve achieved acquisition acquisitions agent agents agreement among analyzed anatomy angiography appendages assess assessed assessment atrial atrium bland blood bolus branching breathing card care catheter circulation coefficients cohort common comparing complete confidence consisted contrast coronal correlation datasets diameters dimensions double dynamic early enable enabling evaluated excellent excluding fair fast favorably females fibrillation flash free gated gating gold good graded gradient improve improved independent indicated injection inter intravenous isolation kappa lacks limits males mapping materials measured medicine minute modest navigator need northwestern oblique observer observers obviates obviating orientation orthogonal part partial pass patient patients pattern planar plots pool poor post precession presence proportion protocol pulmonary pulse qualitative qualitatively quality radiology readers recorded reduction reformatting resolution resolved respectively respiratory reviewers scale scanner school score scores shot spatial steady superior suppl temporal thrombus timing transit trisodium twist typical undergoing unweighted useful vein veins venous visualization window years