DBS Electrode Positioning Accuracy in the STN & GPi with Intraoperative MR Guidance

Keywords

able abstract acceptable accuracy achieve achieved actuated adjustments affected afforded alignment anesthetized applied around array away beneath bias brain central ceramic circular clinical closely coil coils conditions connecting consistently consists constant control coronal course crucial deep dependent depth described developed diameter disorders drape electrode electrodes employed epilepsy error errors evaluation evident external favorably findings fine fitting fluid generator guide guided head highly implant implantation implanted implies improvement indicator initial inserted instructions intended intervention interventions intra leaving linear lumen made magnet magnitude mandrel marked martin medial minimal motion movement neurosurgery oblique open operative optimized orange partner patient patients peeled penetrate penetration permits placed placement placing position positioning posterior preliminary previously prior procedure projecting projection prospective real rear recently relatively remotely report rigid scattered secured selected sheath similarity skull special specified statistically sterile stimulator structure structures subsequently surface surgery surgical system tabletop target targeted targeting therapy trajectory utilizing views visible whether withdrawn years